What is Vocabulary?
The noun vocabulary (or vocab for short) refers to the words used in a language.
The word vocabulary can have at least three different meanings:
1. all of the words in a language
- New words are constantly being added to the vocabulary of English.
2. the words used in a particular context
- If you want to do an MBA you need to improve your business vocabulary.
- My neighbour is a doctor so he has an extensive medical vocabulary.
- I've just bought a book on the vocabulary of slang.
3. the words an individual person knows
- The teacher says that my vocabulary is good.
When learning a foreign language, our individual vocabulary in that language is one of the most important micro-skills to develop. Of course, all micro-skills like grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation are important. But it is far more difficult to communicate with no vocabulary than with no grammar. :-)
Active and passive vocabulary
In our own individual vocabulary, there is a difference between:
- words that we understand and use (our active vocabulary)
- words that we understand but do not or cannot use (our passive vocabulary)
This is true for native speakers as well as for learners. In your own language, there are many words that you use regularly when speaking or writing. These words are part of your active vocabulary. And then there are many words that you understand when you hear them, on television for example, but do not use in everyday speech. These words are part of your passive vocabulary.